章 5. Simple packaging

	注意
	Actual packaging activities are often performed manually without using debmake while referencing only existing similar packages and “Debian Policy Manual”.

The debmake command is the helper script for the Debian packaging. (“章 15, debmake(1) 手冊頁”)

這些特性使得使用 debmake 進行 Debian 打包工作變得簡單而現代化。

In retrospective, I created debmake to simplify this documentation. I consider debmake to be more-or-less a demonstration session generator for tutorial purpose.

The debmake command isn’t the only helper script to make a Debian package. If you are interested alternative packaging helper tools, please see:

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-0.0.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-0.0.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-0.0
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── README.md
│   └── src
│       └── hello.c
└── debhello-0.0.tar.gz

3 directories, 4 files

 $ cat debhello-0.0/src/hello.c
#include <stdio.h>
int
main()
{
        printf("Hello, world!\n");
        return 0;
}

這裡，原始碼中的 Makefile 支援 “GNU 編碼標準” 和 “FHS（檔案系統層級規範）”。特別地：

Makefile. 

 $ cat debhello-0.0/Makefile
prefix = /usr/local

all: src/hello

src/hello: src/hello.c
        @echo "CFLAGS=$(CFLAGS)" | \
                fold -s -w 70 | \
                sed -e 's/^/# /'
        $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDCFLAGS) -o $@ $^

install: src/hello
        install -D src/hello \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello

clean:
        -rm -f src/hello

distclean: clean

uninstall:
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello

.PHONY: all install clean distclean uninstall

	注意
	對 $(CFLAGS) 的 echo 命令用於在接下來的例子中驗證所設定的構建引數。

debmake 命令的輸出十分詳細，如下所示，它可以展示程式的具體操作內容。

The output from the debmake command. 

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ debmake -x1
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="0.0", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-0.0". ***
I: provide debhello_0.0.orig.tar.?z for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-0.0.tar.gz debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-0.0"
I: parse binary package settings:
I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign
I: analyze the source tree
I: build_type = make
I: scan source for copyright+license text and file extensions
I:  50 %, ext = md
I:  50 %, ext = c
I: check_all_licenses
I: ...
I: check_all_licenses completed for 3 files.
I: bunch_all_licenses
I: format_all_licenses
I: make debian/* template files
I: debmake -x "1" ...
I: creating => debian/control
I: creating => debian/copyright
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0_changel...
I: creating => debian/changelog
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0_rules.t...
I: creating => debian/rules
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0source_f...
I: creating => debian/source/format
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_README....
I: creating => debian/README.Debian
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_README....
I: creating => debian/README.source
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_clean.t...
I: creating => debian/clean
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_gbp.con...
I: creating => debian/gbp.conf
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_salsa-c...
I: creating => debian/salsa-ci.yml
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_watch.t...
I: creating => debian/watch
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1tests_co...
I: creating => debian/tests/control
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1upstream...
I: creating => debian/upstream/metadata
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1patches_...
I: creating => debian/patches/series
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1source.n...
I: creating => debian/source/local-options.ex
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1source.n...
I: creating => debian/source/local-patch-header.ex
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_d...
I: creating => debian/dirs
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_i...
I: creating => debian/install
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_l...
I: creating => debian/links
I: $ wrap-and-sort -vast
debian/control
debian/tests/control
debian/copyright
debian/dirs
debian/install
debian/links
--- Modified files ---
debian/control
debian/dirs
debian/install
debian/links
I: $ wrap-and-sort -vast complete.  Now, debian/* may have a blank line at th...

debmake 命令基於命令列選項產生所有這些模板檔案。如果沒有指定具體選項，debmake 命令將為您自動選擇合理的預設值：

• 原始碼套件名稱：debhello
• 上游版本：0.0
• 二進位制套件名稱：debhello
• Debian 修訂版本：1
• 套件型別： bin（ELF 二進位制可執行程式套件）
• The -x option: -x1 (without maintainer script supports for simplicity)

	注意
	Here, the debmake command is invoked with the -x1 option to keep this tutorial simple. Use of default -x3 option is highly recommended.

我們來檢查一下自動產生的模板檔案。

基本 debmake 命令執行後的原始碼樹。. 

 $ cd /path/to
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-0.0
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── README.md
│   ├── debian
│   │   ├── README.Debian
│   │   ├── README.source
│   │   ├── changelog
│   │   ├── clean
│   │   ├── control
│   │   ├── copyright
│   │   ├── dirs
│   │   ├── gbp.conf
│   │   ├── install
│   │   ├── links
│   │   ├── patches
│   │   │   └── series
│   │   ├── rules
│   │   ├── salsa-ci.yml
│   │   ├── source
│   │   │   ├── format
│   │   │   ├── local-options.ex
│   │   │   └── local-patch-header.ex
│   │   ├── tests
│   │   │   └── control
│   │   ├── upstream
│   │   │   └── metadata
│   │   └── watch
│   └── src
│       └── hello.c
├── debhello-0.0.tar.gz
└── debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.0.tar.gz

8 directories, 24 files

這裡的 debian/rules 檔案是應當由套件維護者提供的構建指令碼。此時該檔案是由 debmake 命令產生的模板檔案。

debian/rules（模板檔案）：. 

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ cat debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1
#export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
#export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
#export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,-O1

%:
        dh $@

#override_dh_auto_install:
#       dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr

#override_dh_install:
#       dh_install --list-missing -X.pyc -X.pyo

這便是使用 dh 命令時標準的 debian/rules 檔案。（某些內容已被註釋，可供後續修改使用。）

這裡的 debian/control 檔案提供了 Debian 套件的主要參數。此時該檔案是由 debmake 命令產生的模板檔案。

debian/control（模板檔案）：. 

 $ cat debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: unknown
Priority: optional
Maintainer: "Osamu Aoki" <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends:
 debhelper-compat (= 13),
Standards-Version: 4.7.0
Homepage: <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>
Rules-Requires-Root: no
#Vcs-Git: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debhello.git
#Vcs-Browser: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debhello

Package: debhello
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends:
 ${misc:Depends},
 ${shlibs:Depends},
Description: auto-generated package by debmake
 This Debian binary package was auto-generated by the
 debmake(1) command provided by the debmake package.

	警告
	If you leave “Section: unknown” in the template debian/control file unchanged, the lintian error may cause the build to fail.

Since this is the ELF binary executable package, the debmake command sets “Architecture: any” and “Multi-Arch: foreign”. Also, it sets required substvar parameters as “Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}”. These are explained in “章 6, Basics for packaging”.

	注意
	Please note this debian/control file uses the RFC-822 style as documented in “5.2 Source package control files — debian/control” of the “Debian Policy Manual”. The use of the empty line and the leading space are significant.

這裡的 debian/copyright 提供了 Debian 套件版權資料的總結。此時該檔案是由 debmake 命令產生的模板檔案。

debian/copyright（模板檔案）：. 

 $ cat debian/copyright
Format: https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/
Upstream-Name: debhello
Upstream-Contact: <preferred name and address to reach the upstream project>
Source: <url://example.com>
#
# Please double check copyright with the licensecheck(1) command.

Files:     Makefile
           README.md
           src/hello.c
Copyright: __NO_COPYRIGHT_NOR_LICENSE__
License:   __NO_COPYRIGHT_NOR_LICENSE__

#----------------------------------------------------------------------------...
# Files marked as NO_LICENSE_TEXT_FOUND may be covered by the following
# license/copyright files.

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ vim debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@

override_dh_auto_install:
        dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr

Exporting DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTION as above sets the hardening options as described in the “FEATURE AREAS/ENVIRONMENT” in dpkg-buildflags(1). ^[9]

如上匯出 DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND 可以強制 C 編譯器給出所有型別的警告內容。

如上匯出 DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND 可以強制連結器只對真正需要的程式庫進行連結。^[10]

The dh_auto_install command for the Makefile based build system essentially runs “$(MAKE) install DESTDIR=debian/debhello”. The creation of this override_dh_auto_install target changes its behavior to “$(MAKE) install DESTDIR=debian/debhello prefix=/usr”.

這裡是維護者版本的 debian/control 和 debian/copyright 檔案。

debian/control（維護者版本）：. 

 $ vim debian/control
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: devel
Priority: optional
Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends:
 debhelper-compat (= 13),
Standards-Version: 4.6.2
Homepage: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debmake-doc
Rules-Requires-Root: no

Package: debhello
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends:
 ${misc:Depends},
 ${shlibs:Depends},
Description: Simple packaging example for debmake
 This Debian binary package is an example package.
 (This is an example only)

debian/copyright（維護者版本）：. 

 $ vim debian/copyright
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/copyright
Format: https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/
Upstream-Name: debhello
Upstream-Contact: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Source: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debmake-doc

Files:     *
Copyright: 2015-2021 Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
License:   Expat
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 .
 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 .
 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
 TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Let’s remove unused template files and edit remaining template files:

debian/. 下面的模板檔案（0.0 版）：. 

 $ rm -f debian/clean debian/dirs debian/install debian/links
 $ rm -f debian/README.source debian/source/*.ex
 $ rm -rf debian/patches
 $ tree -F debian
debian/
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── control
├── copyright
├── gbp.conf
├── rules*
├── salsa-ci.yml
├── source/
│   └── format
├── tests/
│   └── control
├── upstream/
│   └── metadata
└── watch

4 directories, 11 files

	提示
	對於來自 debhelper 套件的各個 dh_* 命令來說，它們在讀取所使用的配置文件時通常把以 # 開頭的行視為註釋行。

您可以使用 debuild 或者等效的命令工具（參見 “節 5.4, “什麼是 debuild？””）在這個原始碼樹內構建一個非原生 Debian 套件。命令的輸出通常十分詳細，如下所示，它會對構建中執行的操作進行解釋。

Building package with debuild. 

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ debuild
 dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -ui -i
dpkg-buildpackage: info: source package debhello
dpkg-buildpackage: info: source version 0.0-1
dpkg-buildpackage: info: source distribution unstable
dpkg-buildpackage: info: source changed by Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
 dpkg-source -i --before-build .
dpkg-buildpackage: info: host architecture amd64
 debian/rules clean
dh clean
   dh_auto_clean
        make -j12 distclean
 ...
 debian/rules binary
dh binary
   dh_update_autotools_config
   dh_autoreconf
   dh_auto_configure
   dh_auto_build
        make -j12 "INSTALL=install --strip-program=true"
make[1]: Entering directory '/path/to/debhello-0.0'
# CFLAGS=-g -O2 -Werror=implicit-function-declaration
 ...
Finished running lintian.

這裡驗證了 CFLAGS 已經得到了更新，新增了 -Wall 和 -pendatic 引數；這是我們先前在 DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND 變數中所指定的。

根據 lintian 的報告，您應該如同後文中的例子那樣（請見 “章 14, 更多範例”）為套件新增 man 手冊頁。我們這裡暫且跳過這部分內容。

現在我們來看看成果如何。

debhello 0.0 版使用 debuild 命令產生的文件：. 

 $ cd /path/to
 $ tree -FL 1
./
├── debhello-0.0/
├── debhello-0.0.tar.gz
├── debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb
├── debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz
├── debhello_0.0-1.dsc
├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.build
├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.buildinfo
├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.changes
├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb
└── debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.0.tar.gz

2 directories, 9 files

您可以看見生成的全部檔案。

debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz 包含了 Debian 對上游原始碼的修改，具體如下所示。

壓縮檔案 debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz 的內容：. 

 $ tar -tzf debhello-0.0.tar.gz
debhello-0.0/
debhello-0.0/src/
debhello-0.0/src/hello.c
debhello-0.0/Makefile
debhello-0.0/README.md
 $ tar --xz -tf debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz
debian/
debian/README.Debian
debian/changelog
debian/control
debian/copyright
debian/gbp.conf
debian/rules
debian/salsa-ci.yml
debian/source/
debian/source/format
debian/tests/
debian/tests/control
debian/upstream/
debian/upstream/metadata
debian/watch

debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb 包含了將要安裝至目標系統中的檔案。

The debhello-debsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb contains the debug symbol files to be installed to the target system.

所有二進位制包的包內容：. 

 $ dpkg -c debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/lib/debug/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/c4/
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/c4/cec6427d45de48efc7f263...
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/
lrwxrwxrwx root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello-dbgsym -> debhello
 $ dpkg -c debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/bin/hello
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/README.Debian
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/changelog.Debian.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/copyright

生成的依賴列表會給出所有二進位制套件的依賴。

生成的所有二進位制套件的依賴列表（v=0.0）：. 

 $ dpkg -f debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends \
            depends recommends conflicts breaks
Depends: debhello (= 0.0-1)
 $ dpkg -f debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends \
            depends recommends conflicts breaks
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.34)

	注意
	在將套件上傳至 Debian 倉庫之前，仍然有很多細節需要進行處理。

	注意
	如果跳過了對 debmake 命令自動生成的配置檔案的手工調整步驟，所生成的二進位制套件可能缺少有用的套件描述資訊，某些政策的要求也無法滿足。這個不正式的套件對於 dpkg 命令來說可以正常處理，也許這樣對您本地的部署來說已經足夠好了。

The above example did not touch the upstream source to make the proper Debian package. An alternative approach as the maintainer is to modify files in the upstream source. For example, Makefile may be modified to set the $(prefix) value to /usr.

	注意
	The above “節 5.7, “第三步：編輯模板檔案”” using the debian/rules file is the better approach for packaging for this example. But let’s continue on with this alternative approaches as a leaning experience.

In the following, let’s consider 3 simple variants of this alternative approach to generate debian/patches/* files representing modifications to the upstream source in the Debian source format “3.0 (quilt)”. These substitute “節 5.7, “第三步：編輯模板檔案”” in the above step-by-step example:

Please note the debian/rules file used for these examples doesn’t have the override_dh_auto_install target as follows:

debian/rules（備選的維護者版本）：. 

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ vim debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@

 $ cp -a debhello-0.0 debhello-0.0.orig
 $ vim debhello-0.0/Makefile
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig debhello-0.0 >000-prefix-usr.patch
 $ cat 000-prefix-usr.patch
diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile debhello-0.0/Makefile
--- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile  2024-11-29 07:57:10.299591959 +0000
+++ debhello-0.0/Makefile       2024-11-29 07:57:10.391593434 +0000
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-prefix = /usr/local
+prefix = /usr

 all: src/hello

 $ rm -rf debhello-0.0
 $ mv -f debhello-0.0.orig debhello-0.0

This 000-prefix-usr.patch is edited to be DEP-3 conforming and moved to the right location as below.

000-prefix-usr.patch (DEP-3): 

 $ echo '000-prefix-usr.patch' >debian/patches/series
 $ vim ../000-prefix-usr.patch
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ mv -f ../000-prefix-usr.patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch
 $ cat debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch
From: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Description: set prefix=/usr patch
diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile debhello-0.0/Makefile
--- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile
+++ debhello-0.0/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-prefix = /usr/local
+prefix = /usr

 all: src/hello

	注意
	When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of “節 5.8, “Step 4: Building package with debuild””, the dpkg-source command assumes that no patch was applied to the upstream source, since the .pc/applied-patches is missing.

Here, the patch file isn’t created in this step but the source files are setup to create debian/patches/* files in the following step of “節 5.8, “Step 4: Building package with debuild””.

我們先來編輯上游原始碼。

Modified Makefile. 

 $ vim Makefile
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ head -n1 Makefile
prefix = /usr

Let’s edit debian/source/local-options:

debian/source/local-options for auto-commit. 

 $ mv debian/source/local-options.ex debian/source/local-options
 $ vim debian/source/local-options
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/source/local-options
# == Patch applied strategy (merge) ==
#
# The source outside of debian/ directory is modified by maintainer and
# different from the upstream one:
#   * Workflow using dpkg-source commit (commit all to VCS after dpkg-source ...
#       https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debmake-doc/ch04.en.html#dpkg-sour...
#   * Workflow described in dgit-maint-merge(7)
#
single-debian-patch
auto-commit

Let’s edit debian/source/local-patch-header:

debian/source/local-patch-header for auto-commit. 

 $ mv debian/source/local-patch-header.ex debian/source/local-patch-header
 $ vim debian/source/local-patch-header
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/source/local-patch-header
Description: debian-changes
Author: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>

Let’s remove debian/patches/* files and other unused template files.

Remove unused template files. 

 $ rm -f debian/clean debian/dirs debian/install debian/links
 $ rm -f debian/README.source debian/source/*.ex
 $ rm -rf debian/patches
 $ tree debian
debian
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── control
├── copyright
├── gbp.conf
├── rules
├── salsa-ci.yml
├── source
│   ├── format
│   ├── local-options
│   └── local-patch-header
├── tests
│   └── control
├── upstream
│   └── metadata
└── watch

4 directories, 13 files

There are no debian/patches/* files at the end of this step.

	注意
	When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of “節 5.8, “Step 4: Building package with debuild””, the dpkg-source command uses options specified in debian/source/local-options to auto-commit modification applied to the upstream source as patches/debian-changes.

Let’s inspect the Debian source package generated after the following “節 5.8, “Step 4: Building package with debuild”” step and extracting files from debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz.

Inspect debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz after debuild. 

 $ tar --xz -xvf debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz
debian/
debian/README.Debian
debian/changelog
debian/control
debian/copyright
debian/gbp.conf
debian/patches/
debian/patches/debian-changes
debian/patches/series
debian/rules
debian/salsa-ci.yml
debian/source/
debian/source/format
debian/tests/
debian/tests/control
debian/upstream/
debian/upstream/metadata
debian/watch

Let’s check generated debian/patches/* files.

Inspect debian/patches/* after debuild. 

 $ cat debian/patches/series
debian-changes
 $ cat debian/patches/debian-changes
Description: debian-changes
Author: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>

--- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile
+++ debhello-0.0/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-prefix = /usr/local
+prefix = /usr

 all: src/hello

The Debian source package debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz is confirmed to be generated properly with debian/patches/* files for the Debian modification.