Глава 5. Simple packaging

	Примечание
	Actual packaging activities are often performed manually without using debmake while referencing only existing similar packages and «Debian Policy Manual».

The debmake command is the helper script for the Debian packaging. («Глава 14, Страница руководства debmake(1)»)

Эти возможности делают работу с пакетами Debian с помощью debmake простой и современной.

In retrospective, I created debmake to simplify this documentation. I consider debmake to be more-or-less a demonstration session generator for tutorial purpose.

The debmake command isn’t the only helper script to make a Debian package. If you are interested alternative packaging helper tools, please see:

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-0.0.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-0.0.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-0.0
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── README.md
│   └── src
│       └── hello.c
└── debhello-0.0.tar.gz

3 directories, 4 files

 $ cat debhello-0.0/src/hello.c
#include <stdio.h>
int
main()
{
        printf("Hello, world!\n");
        return 0;
}

Итак, Makefile соответствует «Стандартам написания кода GNU» и «Стандарту иерархии файловой системы». А именно:

Makefile. 

 $ cat debhello-0.0/Makefile
prefix = /usr/local

all: src/hello

src/hello: src/hello.c
        @echo "CFLAGS=$(CFLAGS)" | \
                fold -s -w 70 | \
                sed -e 's/^/# /'
        $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDCFLAGS) -o $@ $^

install: src/hello
        install -D src/hello \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello

clean:
        -rm -f src/hello

distclean: clean

uninstall:
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello

.PHONY: all install clean distclean uninstall

	Примечание
	В приведённом ниже примере применение команды echo к $(CFLAGS) используется для проверки настройки сборочных флагов.

Вывод команды debmake довольно подробен, в нём объяснены выполняемые действия, например, как это указано ниже.

The output from the debmake command. 

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ debmake -x1
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="0.0", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-0.0". ***
I: provide debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-0.0.tar.gz debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-0.0"
I: parse binary package settings:
I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign
I: analyze the source tree
I: build_type = make
I: scan source for copyright+license text and file extensions
I:  50 %, ext = md
I:  50 %, ext = c
I: check_all_licenses
I: ...
I: check_all_licenses completed for 3 files.
I: bunch_all_licenses
I: format_all_licenses
I: make debian/* template files
I: debmake -x "1" ...
I: creating => debian/control
I: creating => debian/copyright
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0_changel...
I: creating => debian/changelog
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0_rules.t...
I: creating => debian/rules
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0source_f...
I: creating => debian/source/format
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_README....
I: creating => debian/README.Debian
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_README....
I: creating => debian/README.source
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_clean.t...
I: creating => debian/clean
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_gbp.con...
I: creating => debian/gbp.conf
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_salsa-c...
I: creating => debian/salsa-ci.yml
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_watch.t...
I: creating => debian/watch
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1tests_co...
I: creating => debian/tests/control
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1upstream...
I: creating => debian/upstream/metadata
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1patches_...
I: creating => debian/patches/series
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1source.n...
I: creating => debian/source/local-options.ex
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1source.n...
I: creating => debian/source/local-patch-header.ex
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_d...
I: creating => debian/dirs
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_i...
I: creating => debian/install
I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_l...
I: creating => debian/links
I: $ wrap-and-sort
I: $ wrap-and-sort complete.  Now, debian/* may have a blank line at the top....

Команда debmake создаёт все шаблонные файлы на основе опций командной строки. Поскольку никакие опции не были переданы, команда debmake выбирает для вас разумные значения по умолчанию:

• Имя пакета с исходным кодом: debhello
• Версия основной ветки разработки: 0.0
• Имя двоичного пакета: debhello
• Номер редакции Debian: 1
• Тип пакета: bin (пакет с двоичными исполняемыми файлами формата ELF)
• The -x option: -x1 (without maintainer script supports for simplicity)

	Примечание
	Here, the debmake command is invoked with the -x1 option to keep this tutorial simple. Use of default -x3 option is highly recommended.

Проверим созданные шаблонные файлы.

Дерево исходного кода после простого выполнения debmake. 

 $ cd /path/to
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-0.0
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── README.md
│   ├── debian
│   │   ├── README.Debian
│   │   ├── README.source
│   │   ├── changelog
│   │   ├── clean
│   │   ├── control
│   │   ├── copyright
│   │   ├── dirs
│   │   ├── gbp.conf
│   │   ├── install
│   │   ├── links
│   │   ├── patches
│   │   │   └── series
│   │   ├── rules
│   │   ├── salsa-ci.yml
│   │   ├── source
│   │   │   ├── format
│   │   │   ├── local-options.ex
│   │   │   └── local-patch-header.ex
│   │   ├── tests
│   │   │   └── control
│   │   ├── upstream
│   │   │   └── metadata
│   │   └── watch
│   └── src
│       └── hello.c
├── debhello-0.0.tar.gz
└── debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.0.tar.gz

8 directories, 24 files

Файл debian/rules является сборочным сценарием, предоставляемым сопровождающим пакета. Ниже приводится его шаблонный файл, созданный командой debmake.

debian/rules (шаблонный файл): 

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ cat debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1
#export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
#export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
#export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,-O1

%:
        dh $@

#override_dh_auto_install:
#       dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr

#override_dh_install:
#       dh_install --list-missing -X.pyc -X.pyo

По сути, это стандартный файл debian/rules с командой dh. (Для удобства настройки в нём содержится несколько закомментированных строк.)

Файл debian/control предоставляет основные метаданные пакета Debian. Ниже приведён шаблонный файл, созданный командой debmake.

debian/control (шаблонный файл): 

 $ cat debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: unknown
Priority: optional
Maintainer: "Osamu Aoki" <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13)
Standards-Version: 4.6.2
Homepage: <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>
Rules-Requires-Root: no
#Vcs-Git: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debhello.git
#Vcs-Browser: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debhello

Package: debhello
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends}
Description: auto-generated package by debmake
 This Debian binary package was auto-generated by the
 debmake(1) command provided by the debmake package.

	Предупреждение
	If you leave «Section: unknown» in the template debian/control file unchanged, the lintian error may cause the build to fail.

Since this is the ELF binary executable package, the debmake command sets «Architecture: any» and «Multi-Arch: foreign». Also, it sets required substvar parameters as «Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}». These are explained in «Глава 6, Basics for packaging».

	Примечание
	Please note this debian/control file uses the RFC-822 style as documented in «5.2 Source package control files — debian/control» of the «Debian Policy Manual». The use of the empty line and the leading space are significant.

Файл debian/copyright предоставляет данные об авторском праве на пакет Debian. Ниже приведён шаблонный файл, созданный командой debmake.

debian/copyright (шаблонный файл): 

 $ cat debian/copyright
Format: https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/
Upstream-Name: debhello
Upstream-Contact: <preferred name and address to reach the upstream project>
Source: <url://example.com>
#
# Please double check copyright with the licensecheck(1) command.

Files:     Makefile
           README.md
           src/hello.c
Copyright: __NO_COPYRIGHT_NOR_LICENSE__
License:   __NO_COPYRIGHT_NOR_LICENSE__

#----------------------------------------------------------------------------...
# Files marked as NO_LICENSE_TEXT_FOUND may be covered by the following
# license/copyright files.

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ vim debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@

override_dh_auto_install:
        dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr

Exporting DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTION as above sets the hardening options as described in the «FEATURE AREAS/ENVIRONMENT» in dpkg-buildflags(1). ^[9]

Exporting DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND as above forces the C compiler to emit all the warnings.

Exporting DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND as above forces the linker to link only when the library is actually needed. ^[10]

The dh_auto_install command for the Makefile based build system essentially runs «$(MAKE) install DESTDIR=debian/debhello». The creation of this override_dh_auto_install target changes its behavior to «$(MAKE) install DESTDIR=debian/debhello prefix=/usr».

Here are the maintainer versions of the debian/control and debian/copyright files.

debian/control (версия сопровождающего): 

 $ vim debian/control
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: devel
Priority: optional
Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13)
Standards-Version: 4.6.2
Homepage: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debmake-doc
Rules-Requires-Root: no

Package: debhello
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends}
Description: Simple packaging example for debmake
 This Debian binary package is an example package.
 (This is an example only)

debian/copyright (версия сопровождающего): 

 $ vim debian/copyright
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/copyright
Format: https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/
Upstream-Name: debhello
Upstream-Contact: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Source: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debmake-doc

Files:     *
Copyright: 2015-2021 Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
License:   Expat
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 .
 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 .
 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
 TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Let’s remove unused template files and edit remaining template files:

Шаблонные файлы в debian/. (v=0.0): 

 $ rm -f debian/clean debian/dirs debian/install debian/links
 $ rm -f debian/README.source debian/source/*.ex
 $ rm -rf debian/patches
 $ tree -F debian
debian/
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── control
├── copyright
├── gbp.conf
├── rules*
├── salsa-ci.yml
├── source/
│   └── format
├── tests/
│   └── control
├── upstream/
│   └── metadata
└── watch

4 directories, 11 files

	Подсказка
	Configuration files used by the dh_* commands from the debhelper package usually treat # as the start of a comment line.

В данном дереве исходного кода вы можете создать неродной пакет Debian с помощью команды debuild или эквивалентных ей команд (см. «Раздел 5.4, «Что такое debuild?»»). Вывод команды очень подробен, выполняемые действия объясняются в нём следующим образом.

Building package with debuild. 

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ debuild
 dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -ui -i
dpkg-buildpackage: info: source package debhello
dpkg-buildpackage: info: source version 0.0-1
dpkg-buildpackage: info: source distribution unstable
dpkg-buildpackage: info: source changed by Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
 dpkg-source -i --before-build .
dpkg-buildpackage: info: host architecture amd64
 debian/rules clean
dh clean
   dh_auto_clean
        make -j12 distclean
 ...
 debian/rules binary
dh binary
   dh_update_autotools_config
   dh_autoreconf
   dh_auto_configure
   dh_auto_build
        make -j12 "INSTALL=install --strip-program=true"
make[1]: Entering directory '/path/to/debhello-0.0'
# CFLAGS=-g -O2
 ...
Finished running lintian.

You can verify that CFLAGS is updated properly with -Wall and -pedantic by the DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND variable.

The manpage should be added to the package as reported by the lintian package, as shown in later examples (see «Глава 13, Дополнительные примеры»). Let’s move on for now.

Проверим результат сборки.

Файлы debhello версии 0.0, созданные с помощью команды debuild: 

 $ cd /path/to
 $ tree -FL 1
./
├── debhello-0.0/
├── debhello-0.0.tar.gz
├── debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb
├── debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz
├── debhello_0.0-1.dsc
├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.build
├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.buildinfo
├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.changes
├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb
└── debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.0.tar.gz

2 directories, 9 files

Вы видите все созданные файлы.

debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz содержит изменения Debian, внесённые в исходный код основной ветки разработки. Содержимое этого файла приведено ниже.

Содержимое архива debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz: 

 $ tar -tzf debhello-0.0.tar.gz
debhello-0.0/
debhello-0.0/src/
debhello-0.0/src/hello.c
debhello-0.0/Makefile
debhello-0.0/README.md
 $ tar --xz -tf debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz
debian/
debian/README.Debian
debian/changelog
debian/control
debian/copyright
debian/gbp.conf
debian/rules
debian/salsa-ci.yml
debian/source/
debian/source/format
debian/tests/
debian/tests/control
debian/upstream/
debian/upstream/metadata
debian/watch

The debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb contains the binary files to be installed to the target system.

The debhello-debsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb contains the debug symbol files to be installed to the target system.

The binary package contents of all binary packages: 

 $ dpkg -c debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/lib/debug/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/be/
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/be/f1e0185834f3c3e2614cf8...
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/
lrwxrwxrwx root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello-dbgsym -> debhello
 $ dpkg -c debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/bin/hello
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/README.Debian
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/changelog.Debian.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/copyright

The generated dependency list of all binary packages.

The generated dependency list of all binary packages (v=0.0): 

 $ dpkg -f debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends \
            depends recommends conflicts breaks
Depends: debhello (= 0.0-1)
 $ dpkg -f debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends \
            depends recommends conflicts breaks
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.34)

	Внимание
	Many more details need to be addressed before uploading the package to the Debian archive.

	Примечание
	Если вы пропустили ручную настройку автоматически созданных командой debmake файлов настройки, то у созданного двоичного пакета может отсутствовать понятное другим описание пакета, а также пакет может несоответствовать некоторым требованиям политики. Такой сырой пакет вполне хорошо работает, если передать его команде dpkg, и может оказаться вполне достаточным для его локального развёртывания.

The above example did not touch the upstream source to make the proper Debian package. An alternative approach as the maintainer is to modify files in the upstream source. For example, Makefile may be modified to set the $(prefix) value to /usr.

	Примечание
	The above «Раздел 5.7, «Шаг 3: изменение шаблонных файлов»» using the debian/rules file is the better approach for packaging for this example. But let’s continue on with this alternative approaches as a leaning experience.

In the following, let’s consider 3 simple variants of this alternative approach to generate debian/patches/* files representing modifications to the upstream source in the Debian source format «3.0 (quilt)». These substitute «Раздел 5.7, «Шаг 3: изменение шаблонных файлов»» in the above step-by-step example:

Please note the debian/rules file used for these examples doesn’t have the override_dh_auto_install target as follows:

debian/rules (альтернативная версия сопровождающего): 

 $ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
 $ vim debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@

 $ cp -a debhello-0.0 debhello-0.0.orig
 $ vim debhello-0.0/Makefile
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig debhello-0.0 >000-prefix-usr.patch
 $ cat 000-prefix-usr.patch
diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile debhello-0.0/Makefile
--- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile  2024-07-24 10:12:40.382927188 +0900
+++ debhello-0.0/Makefile       2024-07-24 10:12:40.478928659 +0900
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-prefix = /usr/local
+prefix = /usr

 all: src/hello

 $ rm -rf debhello-0.0
 $ mv -f debhello-0.0.orig debhello-0.0

This 000-prefix-usr.patch is edited to be DEP-3 conforming and moved to the right location as below.

000-prefix-usr.patch (DEP-3): 

 $ echo '000-prefix-usr.patch' >debian/patches/series
 $ vim ../000-prefix-usr.patch
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ mv -f ../000-prefix-usr.patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch
 $ cat debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch
From: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Description: set prefix=/usr patch
diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile debhello-0.0/Makefile
--- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile
+++ debhello-0.0/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-prefix = /usr/local
+prefix = /usr

 all: src/hello

	Примечание
	When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of «Раздел 5.8, «Step 4: Building package with debuild»», the dpkg-source command assumes that no patch was applied to the upstream source, since the .pc/applied-patches is missing.

Here, the patch file isn’t created in this step but the source files are setup to create debian/patches/* files in the following step of «Раздел 5.8, «Step 4: Building package with debuild»».

Отредактируем исходный код основной ветки разработки.

Modified Makefile. 

 $ vim Makefile
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ head -n1 Makefile
prefix = /usr

Let’s edit debian/source/local-options:

debian/source/local-options for auto-commit. 

 $ mv debian/source/local-options.ex debian/source/local-options
 $ vim debian/source/local-options
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/source/local-options
# == Patch applied strategy (merge) ==
#
# The source outside of debian/ directory is modified by maintainer and
# different from the upstream one:
#   * Workflow using dpkg-source commit (commit all to VCS after dpkg-source ...
#       https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debmake-doc/ch04.en.html#dpkg-sour...
#   * Workflow described in dgit-maint-merge(7)
#
single-debian-patch
auto-commit

Let’s edit debian/source/local-patch-header:

debian/source/local-patch-header for auto-commit. 

 $ mv debian/source/local-patch-header.ex debian/source/local-patch-header
 $ vim debian/source/local-patch-header
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debian/source/local-patch-header
Description: debian-changes
Author: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>

Let’s remove debian/patches/* files and other unused template files.

Remove unused template files. 

 $ rm -f debian/clean debian/dirs debian/install debian/links
 $ rm -f debian/README.source debian/source/*.ex
 $ rm -rf debian/patches
 $ tree debian
debian
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── control
├── copyright
├── gbp.conf
├── rules
├── salsa-ci.yml
├── source
│   ├── format
│   ├── local-options
│   └── local-patch-header
├── tests
│   └── control
├── upstream
│   └── metadata
└── watch

4 directories, 13 files

There are no debian/patches/* files at the end of this step.

	Примечание
	When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of «Раздел 5.8, «Step 4: Building package with debuild»», the dpkg-source command uses options specified in debian/source/local-options to auto-commit modification applied to the upstream source as patches/debian-changes.

Let’s inspect the Debian source package generated after the following «Раздел 5.8, «Step 4: Building package with debuild»» step and extracting files from debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz.

Inspect debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz after debuild. 

 $ tar --xz -xvf debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz
debian/
debian/README.Debian
debian/changelog
debian/control
debian/copyright
debian/gbp.conf
debian/patches/
debian/patches/debian-changes
debian/patches/series
debian/rules
debian/salsa-ci.yml
debian/source/
debian/source/format
debian/tests/
debian/tests/control
debian/upstream/
debian/upstream/metadata
debian/watch

Let’s check generated debian/patches/* files.

Inspect debian/patches/* after debuild. 

 $ cat debian/patches/series
debian-changes
 $ cat debian/patches/debian-changes
Description: debian-changes
Author: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>

--- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile
+++ debhello-0.0/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-prefix = /usr/local
+prefix = /usr

 all: src/hello

The Debian source package debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz is confirmed to be generated properly with debian/patches/* files for the Debian modification.