www.debian.org
instead of 130.89.148.77
or 2001:67c:2564:a119::77
.
A
(address record): IPv4 address. This is the most common form to point a domain to an IPv4 address.
CNAME
(canonical name record): alias
MX
(mail exchange): an email server. This information is used by other email servers to find where to send email addressed to a given address. Each MX record has a priority. The highest-priority server (with the lowest number) is tried first (see sidebar ZURÜCK ZU DEN GRUNDLAGEN SMTP); other servers are contacted in order of decreasing priority if the first one does not reply.
PTR
(pointer): mapping of an IP address to a name. Such a record is stored in a “reverse DNS” zone named after the IP address range. For example, 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa
is the zone containing the reverse mapping for all addresses in the 192.168.1.0/24
range.
AAAA
(IPv6 address record): IPv6 address.
NS
(name server): maps a name to a name server. Each domain must have at least one NS record. These records point at a DNS server that can answer queries concerning this domain; they usually point at the primary and secondary servers for the domain. These records also allow DNS delegation; for instance, the falcot.com
zone can include an NS record for internal.falcot.com
, which means that the internal.falcot.com
zone is handled by another server. Of course, this server must declare an internal.falcot.com
zone.
bind
haben unabhängig von der Version die gleiche Struktur.
falcot.com
-Zone, um dort Domain-Informationen und eine 168.192.in-addr.arpa
-Zone für die umgekehrte Namenszuordnung von IP-Adressen in den lokalen Netzen abzulegen.
Beispiel 10.12. Auszug aus der Datei /etc/bind/named.conf.local
zone "falcot.com" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.falcot.com"; allow-query { any; }; allow-transfer { 195.20.105.149/32 ; // ns0.xname.org 193.23.158.13/32 ; // ns1.xname.org }; }; zone "internal.falcot.com" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.internal.falcot.com"; allow-query { 192.168.0.0/16; }; }; zone "168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.192.168"; allow-query { 192.168.0.0/16; }; };
Beispiel 10.13. Auszug aus der Datei /etc/bind/db.falcot.com
; falcot.com Zone ; admin.falcot.com. => zone contact: admin@falcot.com $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA falcot.com. admin.falcot.com. ( 20040121 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; ; The @ refers to the zone name ("falcot.com" here) ; or to $ORIGIN if that directive has been used ; @ IN NS ns @ IN NS ns0.xname.org. internal IN NS 192.168.0.2 @ IN A 212.94.201.10 @ IN MX 5 mail @ IN MX 10 mail2 ns IN A 212.94.201.10 mail IN A 212.94.201.10 mail2 IN A 212.94.201.11 www IN A 212.94.201.11 dns IN CNAME ns
Beispiel 10.14. Auszug aus der Datei /etc/bind/db.192.168
; Reverse zone for 192.168.0.0/16 ; admin.falcot.com. => zone contact: admin@falcot.com $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA ns.internal.falcot.com. admin.falcot.com. ( 20040121 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL IN NS ns.internal.falcot.com. ; 192.168.0.1 -> arrakis 1.0 IN PTR arrakis.internal.falcot.com. ; 192.168.0.2 -> neptune 2.0 IN PTR neptune.internal.falcot.com. ; 192.168.3.1 -> pau 1.3 IN PTR pau.internal.falcot.com.